Yondlers

A BRIEF HISTORY OF AFRICA By Tim Lambert ANCIENT AFRICA Scientists believe that Africa was the birthplace of mankind. By 100,000 BC modern humans lived by hunting and gathering with stone tools. From Africa they spread to Europe. By 5,000 farming had spread to North Africa. People herded cattle and they grew crops. At that time the Sahara Desert was not a desert. It was a green and fertile area. Gradually it grew drier and became a desert. Meanwhile about 3,200 BC writing was invented in Egypt. The Egyptians made tools and weapons of bronze. However by the time Egyptian civilization arose most of Africa was cut off from Egypt and other early civilizations by the Sahara Desert. Sub-Saharan Africa was also hampered by its lack of good harbors, which made transport by sea difficult. Farmers in Africa continued to use stone tools and weapons however about 600 BC the use of iron spread in North Africa. It gradually spread south and by 500 AD iron tools and weapons had reached what is

Mozambique is a southern African nation whose long Indian Ocean coastline is dotted with popular beaches like Tofo, as well as offshore marine parks. In the Quirimbas Archipelago, a 250km stretch of coral islands, mangrove-covered Ibo Island has colonial-era ruins surviving from a period of Portuguese rule. The Bazaruto Archipelago farther south has reefs which protect rare marine life including dugongs. After 100 AD Bantu speaking people arrived in what is now Mozambique. They lived by farming and they made iron tools. They were organised into small kingdoms. By the 9th century Arab merchants arrived at the coast of Mozambique. For centuries afterwards there was trade between Africans and Arabs. Then in 1498 the Portuguese sailor Vasco Da Gama landed at Ilha de Mocambique on his way to India. In 1511 A Portuguese called Antonio Fernandes explored the inland of Mozambique. During the 16th century the Portuguese established trading posts along the coast of Mozambique. They also took

Mugabe Bravery (Zim story) For a while my interested has shifted to Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is just north of South Africa (one of it’s neighbors). My interest has been enlarged because of President Robert Mugabe, who is the only president in Africa trying to stop white power in Africa. White supremacy started in Zimbabwe with Mr. Rhodes and later the country was named Rhodesia. Whites found renaming African things very essential. Renaming gave the Africans a feeling of being ruled and it was a way of westernizing Africa. Names give us a reference of time and culture which the whites found essential to erase. The success story of Zimbabwean people taking down Mr. Rhodes and killing him for their freedom is one happy story. Though like many European colonized country lost, they never gave up sight of the power. They lost the battle, but did Britain loose the war (did Britain loose Zimbabwe at the time). Well Europeans later learnt that they don’t even need to actually be pres

Stephen (Steve) Bantu Biko was a popular voice of Black liberation in South Africa between the mid 1960s and his death in police detention in 1977. This was the period in which both the  ANC  and the  PAC had been officially banned and the disenfranchised Black population (especially the youth) were highly receptive to the prospect of a new organisation that could carry their grievances against the Apartheid state. Thus it was that Biko’s  Black Consciousness Movement (BCM)  came to prominence and although Biko was not its only leader, he was its most recognisable figure. It was Biko, along with others who guided the movement of student discontent into a political force unprecedented in the history of South Africa. Biko and his peers were responding to developments that emerged in the high phase of Apartheid, when the  Nationalist Party (NP) , in power for almost two decades, was restructuring the country to conform to its policies of separate development. The NP went about untanglin